risingwave_ctl/

lib.rs

// Copyright 2025 RisingWave Labs
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#![warn(clippy::large_futures, clippy::large_stack_frames)]

use anyhow::Result;
use clap::{Args, Parser, Subcommand};
use cmd_impl::bench::BenchCommands;
use cmd_impl::hummock::SstDumpArgs;
use risingwave_common::util::tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{HummockEpoch, HummockVersionId};
use risingwave_meta::backup_restore::RestoreOpts;
use risingwave_pb::hummock::rise_ctl_update_compaction_config_request::CompressionAlgorithm;
use risingwave_pb::meta::update_worker_node_schedulability_request::Schedulability;
use thiserror_ext::AsReport;

use crate::cmd_impl::hummock::{
    build_compaction_config_vec, list_pinned_versions, migrate_legacy_object,
};
use crate::cmd_impl::scale::set_cdc_table_backfill_parallelism;
use crate::cmd_impl::throttle::apply_throttle;
use crate::common::CtlContext;

pub mod cmd_impl;
pub mod common;

/// risectl provides internal access to the RisingWave cluster. Generally, you will need
/// to provide the meta address and the state store URL to enable risectl to access the cluster. You
/// must start RisingWave in full cluster mode (e.g. enable MinIO and compactor in risedev.yml)
/// instead of playground mode to use this tool. risectl will read environment variables
/// `RW_META_ADDR` and `RW_HUMMOCK_URL` to configure itself.
#[derive(Parser)]
#[clap(version, about = "The DevOps tool that provides internal access to the RisingWave cluster", long_about = None)]
#[clap(propagate_version = true)]
#[clap(infer_subcommands = true)]
pub struct CliOpts {
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    command: Commands,
}

#[derive(Subcommand)]
#[clap(infer_subcommands = true)]
enum Commands {
    /// Commands for Compute
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Compute(ComputeCommands),
    /// Commands for Hummock
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Hummock(HummockCommands),
    /// Commands for Tables
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Table(TableCommands),
    /// Commands for Meta
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Meta(MetaCommands),
    /// Commands for Scaling
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Scale(ScaleCommands),
    /// Commands for Benchmarks
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Bench(BenchCommands),
    /// Commands for await-tree, such as dumping, analyzing and transcribing
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    #[clap(visible_alias("trace"))]
    AwaitTree(AwaitTreeCommands),
    // TODO(yuhao): profile other nodes
    /// Commands for profilng the compute nodes
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Profile(ProfileCommands),
    #[clap(subcommand)]
    Throttle(ThrottleCommands),
    /// Commands for Self-testing
    #[clap(subcommand, hide = true)]
    Test(TestCommands),
}

#[derive(Subcommand)]
enum ComputeCommands {
    /// Show all the configuration parameters on compute node
    ShowConfig { host: String },
}

#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Subcommand)]
enum HummockCommands {
    /// list latest Hummock version on meta node
    ListVersion {
        #[clap(short, long = "verbose", default_value_t = false)]
        verbose: bool,

        #[clap(long = "verbose_key_range", default_value_t = false)]
        verbose_key_range: bool,
    },

    /// list hummock version deltas in the meta store
    ListVersionDeltas {
        #[clap(short, long = "start-version-delta-id", default_value_t = 0)]
        start_id: u64,

        #[clap(short, long = "num-epochs", default_value_t = 100)]
        num_epochs: u32,
    },
    /// Forbid hummock commit new epochs, which is a prerequisite for compaction deterministic test
    DisableCommitEpoch,
    /// list all Hummock key-value pairs
    ListKv {
        #[clap(short, long = "epoch", default_value_t = HummockEpoch::MAX)]
        epoch: u64,

        #[clap(short, long = "table-id")]
        table_id: u32,

        // data directory for hummock state store. None: use default
        data_dir: Option<String>,

        #[clap(short, long = "use-new-object-prefix-strategy", default_value = "true")]
        use_new_object_prefix_strategy: bool,
    },
    SstDump(SstDumpArgs),
    /// trigger a targeted compaction through `compaction_group_id`
    TriggerManualCompaction {
        #[clap(short, long = "compaction-group-id", default_value_t = 2)]
        compaction_group_id: u64,

        #[clap(short, long = "table-id", default_value_t = 0)]
        table_id: u32,

        #[clap(short, long = "level", default_value_t = 1)]
        level: u32,

        #[clap(short, long = "sst-ids", value_delimiter = ',')]
        sst_ids: Vec<u64>,
    },
    /// Trigger a full GC for SSTs that is not pinned, with timestamp <= now -
    /// `sst_retention_time_sec`, and with `prefix` in path.
    TriggerFullGc {
        #[clap(short, long = "sst_retention_time_sec", default_value_t = 259200)]
        sst_retention_time_sec: u64,
        #[clap(short, long = "prefix", required = false)]
        prefix: Option<String>,
    },
    /// List pinned versions of each worker.
    ListPinnedVersions {},
    /// List all compaction groups.
    ListCompactionGroup,
    /// Update compaction config for compaction groups.
    UpdateCompactionConfig {
        #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
        compaction_group_ids: Vec<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_bytes_for_level_base: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_bytes_for_level_multiplier: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_compaction_bytes: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        sub_level_max_compaction_bytes: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_tier_compact_file_number: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        target_file_size_base: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        compaction_filter_mask: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_sub_compaction: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_sub_level_compact_level_count: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_space_reclaim_bytes: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_max_compact_file_number: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        enable_emergency_picker: Option<bool>,
        #[clap(long)]
        tombstone_reclaim_ratio: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        compression_level: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        compression_algorithm: Option<String>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_l0_compact_level: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        sst_allowed_trivial_move_min_size: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        disable_auto_group_scheduling: Option<bool>,
        #[clap(long)]
        max_overlapping_level_size: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        sst_allowed_trivial_move_max_count: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        emergency_level0_sst_file_count: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        emergency_level0_sub_level_partition: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_stop_write_threshold_max_sst_count: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        level0_stop_write_threshold_max_size: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        enable_optimize_l0_interval_selection: Option<bool>,
    },
    /// Split given compaction group into two. Moves the given tables to the new group.
    SplitCompactionGroup {
        #[clap(long)]
        compaction_group_id: u64,
        #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
        table_ids: Vec<u32>,
        #[clap(long, default_value_t = 0)]
        partition_vnode_count: u32,
    },
    /// Pause version checkpoint, which subsequently pauses GC of delta log and SST object.
    PauseVersionCheckpoint,
    /// Resume version checkpoint, which subsequently resumes GC of delta log and SST object.
    ResumeVersionCheckpoint,
    /// Replay version from the checkpoint one to the latest one.
    ReplayVersion,
    /// List compaction status
    ListCompactionStatus {
        #[clap(short, long = "verbose", default_value_t = false)]
        verbose: bool,
    },
    GetCompactionScore {
        #[clap(long)]
        compaction_group_id: u64,
    },
    /// Validate the current `HummockVersion`.
    ValidateVersion,
    /// Rebuild table stats
    RebuildTableStats,
    CancelCompactTask {
        #[clap(short, long)]
        task_id: u64,
    },
    PrintUserKeyInArchive {
        /// The ident of the archive file in object store. It's also the first Hummock version id of this archive.
        #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
        archive_ids: Vec<u64>,
        /// The data directory of Hummock storage, where `SSTable` objects can be found.
        #[clap(long)]
        data_dir: String,
        /// KVs that are matched with the user key are printed.
        #[clap(long)]
        user_key: String,
        #[clap(short, long = "use-new-object-prefix-strategy", default_value = "true")]
        use_new_object_prefix_strategy: bool,
    },
    PrintVersionDeltaInArchive {
        /// The ident of the archive file in object store. It's also the first Hummock version id of this archive.
        #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
        archive_ids: Vec<u64>,
        /// The data directory of Hummock storage, where `SSTable` objects can be found.
        #[clap(long)]
        data_dir: String,
        /// Version deltas that are related to the SST id are printed.
        #[clap(long)]
        sst_id: u64,
        #[clap(short, long = "use-new-object-prefix-strategy", default_value = "true")]
        use_new_object_prefix_strategy: bool,
    },
    TieredCacheTracing {
        #[clap(long)]
        enable: bool,
        #[clap(long)]
        record_hybrid_insert_threshold_ms: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        record_hybrid_get_threshold_ms: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        record_hybrid_obtain_threshold_ms: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        record_hybrid_remove_threshold_ms: Option<u32>,
        #[clap(long)]
        record_hybrid_fetch_threshold_ms: Option<u32>,
    },
    MergeCompactionGroup {
        #[clap(long)]
        left_group_id: u64,
        #[clap(long)]
        right_group_id: u64,
    },
    MigrateLegacyObject {
        url: String,
        source_dir: String,
        target_dir: String,
        #[clap(long, default_value = "100")]
        concurrency: u32,
    },
    ResizeCache {
        #[clap(long)]
        meta_cache_capacity_mb: Option<u64>,
        #[clap(long)]
        data_cache_capacity_mb: Option<u64>,
    },
}

#[derive(Subcommand)]
enum TableCommands {
    /// scan a state table with MV name
    Scan {
        /// name of the materialized view to operate on
        mv_name: String,
        // data directory for hummock state store. None: use default
        data_dir: Option<String>,

        #[clap(short, long = "use-new-object-prefix-strategy", default_value = "true")]
        use_new_object_prefix_strategy: bool,
    },
    /// scan a state table using Id
    ScanById {
        /// id of the state table to operate on
        table_id: u32,
        // data directory for hummock state store. None: use default
        data_dir: Option<String>,
        #[clap(short, long = "use-new-object-prefix-strategy", default_value = "true")]
        use_new_object_prefix_strategy: bool,
    },
    /// list all state tables
    List,
}

#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
enum ScaleCommands {
    /// Mark a compute node as unschedulable
    #[clap(verbatim_doc_comment)]
    Cordon {
        /// Workers that need to be cordoned, both id and host are supported.
        #[clap(
            long,
            required = true,
            value_delimiter = ',',
            value_name = "id or host,..."
        )]
        workers: Vec<String>,
    },
    /// mark a compute node as schedulable. Nodes are schedulable unless they are cordoned
    Uncordon {
        /// Workers that need to be uncordoned, both id and host are supported.
        #[clap(
            long,
            required = true,
            value_delimiter = ',',
            value_name = "id or host,..."
        )]
        workers: Vec<String>,
    },
}

#[derive(Subcommand)]
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
enum MetaCommands {
    /// pause the stream graph
    Pause,
    /// resume the stream graph
    Resume,
    /// get cluster info
    ClusterInfo,
    /// get source split info
    SourceSplitInfo {
        #[clap(long)]
        ignore_id: bool,
    },
    /// Reschedule the actors in the stream graph
    ///
    /// The format is `fragment_id-[worker_id:count]+[worker_id:count]`
    /// You can provide either decreased `worker_ids` only or increased only, but decreased should be preceded by
    /// `added` when both are provided.
    ///
    /// For example, for plan `100-[1:1]+[4:1]` the follow request will be generated:
    /// ```text
    /// {
    ///     100: WorkerReschedule {
    ///         increased_actor_count: { 1: 1 },
    ///         decreased_actor_count: { 4: 1 },
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    /// Use ; to separate multiple fragment
    #[clap(verbatim_doc_comment)]
    #[clap(group(clap::ArgGroup::new("input_group").required(true).args(&["plan", "from"])))]
    Reschedule {
        /// Plan of reschedule, needs to be used with `revision`
        #[clap(long, requires = "revision")]
        plan: Option<String>,
        /// Revision of the plan
        #[clap(long)]
        revision: Option<u64>,
        /// Reschedule from a specific file
        #[clap(long, conflicts_with = "revision", value_hint = clap::ValueHint::AnyPath)]
        from: Option<String>,
        /// Show the plan only, no actual operation
        #[clap(long, default_value = "false")]
        dry_run: bool,
        /// Resolve `NO_SHUFFLE` upstream
        #[clap(long, default_value = "false")]
        resolve_no_shuffle: bool,
    },
    /// backup meta by taking a meta snapshot
    BackupMeta {
        #[clap(long)]
        remarks: Option<String>,
    },
    /// restore meta by recovering from a meta snapshot
    RestoreMeta {
        #[command(flatten)]
        opts: RestoreOpts,
    },
    /// delete meta snapshots
    DeleteMetaSnapshots {
        #[clap(long, value_delimiter = ',')]
        snapshot_ids: Vec<u64>,
    },

    /// List all existing connections in the catalog
    ListConnections,

    /// List fragment mapping for serving
    ListServingFragmentMapping,

    /// Unregister workers from the cluster
    UnregisterWorkers {
        /// The workers that needs to be unregistered, `worker_id` and `worker_host:worker_port` are both supported
        #[clap(
            long,
            required = true,
            value_delimiter = ',',
            value_name = "worker_id or worker_host:worker_port, ..."
        )]
        workers: Vec<String>,

        /// Automatic yes to prompts
        #[clap(short = 'y', long, default_value_t = false)]
        yes: bool,

        /// The worker not found will be ignored
        #[clap(long, default_value_t = false)]
        ignore_not_found: bool,

        /// Checking whether the fragment is occupied by workers
        #[clap(long, default_value_t = false)]
        check_fragment_occupied: bool,
    },

    /// Validate source interface for the cloud team
    ValidateSource {
        /// With properties in json format
        /// If privatelink is used, specify `connection.id` instead of `connection.name`
        #[clap(long)]
        props: String,
    },

    SetCdcTableBackfillParallelism {
        #[clap(long, required = true)]
        table_id: u32,
        #[clap(long, required = true)]
        parallelism: u32,
    },
}

#[derive(Subcommand, Clone, Debug)]
pub enum AwaitTreeCommands {
    /// Dump Await Tree
    Dump {
        /// The format of actor traces in the diagnose file. Allowed values: `json`, `text`. `json` by default.
        #[clap(short, long = "actor-traces-format")]
        actor_traces_format: Option<String>,
    },
    /// Analyze Await Tree
    Analyze {
        /// The path to the diagnose file, if None, ctl will first pull one from the cluster
        /// The actor traces format can be either `json` or `text`. The analyze command will
        /// automatically detect the format.
        #[clap(long = "path")]
        path: Option<String>,
    },
    /// Transcribe Await Tree From JSON to Text format
    Transcribe {
        /// The path to the await tree file to be transcribed
        #[clap(long = "path")]
        path: String,
    },
}

#[derive(Subcommand, Clone, Debug)]
enum TestCommands {
    /// Test if JVM and Java libraries are working
    Jvm,
}

#[derive(Subcommand, Clone, Debug)]
enum ThrottleCommands {
    Source(ThrottleCommandArgs),
    Mv(ThrottleCommandArgs),
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Args)]
pub struct ThrottleCommandArgs {
    id: u32,
    rate: Option<u32>,
}

#[derive(Subcommand, Clone, Debug)]
pub enum ProfileCommands {
    /// CPU profile
    Cpu {
        /// The time to active profiling for (in seconds)
        #[clap(short, long = "sleep")]
        sleep: u64,
    },
    /// Heap profile
    Heap {
        /// The output directory of the dumped file
        #[clap(long = "dir")]
        dir: Option<String>,
    },
}

/// Start `risectl` with the given options.
/// Cancel the operation when the given `shutdown` token triggers.
/// Log and abort the process if any error occurs.
///
/// Note: use [`start_fallible`] if you want to call functionalities of `risectl`
/// in an embedded manner.
pub async fn start(opts: CliOpts, shutdown: CancellationToken) {
    let context = CtlContext::default();

    tokio::select! {
        _ = shutdown.cancelled() => {
            // Shutdown requested, clean up the context and return.
            context.try_close().await;
        }

        result = start_fallible(opts, &context) => {
            if let Err(e) = result {
                eprintln!("Error: {:#?}", e.as_report()); // pretty with backtrace
                std::process::exit(1);
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Start `risectl` with the given options.
/// Return `Err` if any error occurs.
pub async fn start_fallible(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
    let result = start_impl(opts, context).await;
    context.try_close().await;
    result
}

#[expect(
    clippy::large_stack_frames,
    reason = "Pre-opt MIR sums locals across match arms in async dispatch; \
              post-layout generator stores only one arm at a time (~13–16 KiB)."
)]
async fn start_impl(opts: CliOpts, context: &CtlContext) -> Result<()> {
    match opts.command {
        Commands::Compute(ComputeCommands::ShowConfig { host }) => {
            cmd_impl::compute::show_config(&host).await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::DisableCommitEpoch) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::disable_commit_epoch(context).await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListVersion {
            verbose,
            verbose_key_range,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::list_version(context, verbose, verbose_key_range).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListVersionDeltas {
            start_id,
            num_epochs,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::list_version_deltas(
                context,
                HummockVersionId::new(start_id),
                num_epochs,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListKv {
            epoch,
            table_id,
            data_dir,
            use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::list_kv(
                context,
                epoch,
                table_id,
                data_dir,
                use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::SstDump(args)) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::sst_dump(context, args).await.unwrap()
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::TriggerManualCompaction {
            compaction_group_id,
            table_id,
            level,
            sst_ids,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::trigger_manual_compaction(
                context,
                compaction_group_id,
                table_id,
                level,
                sst_ids,
            )
            .await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::TriggerFullGc {
            sst_retention_time_sec,
            prefix,
        }) => cmd_impl::hummock::trigger_full_gc(context, sst_retention_time_sec, prefix).await?,
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListPinnedVersions {}) => {
            list_pinned_versions(context).await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListCompactionGroup) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::list_compaction_group(context).await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::UpdateCompactionConfig {
            compaction_group_ids,
            max_bytes_for_level_base,
            max_bytes_for_level_multiplier,
            max_compaction_bytes,
            sub_level_max_compaction_bytes,
            level0_tier_compact_file_number,
            target_file_size_base,
            compaction_filter_mask,
            max_sub_compaction,
            level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number,
            level0_sub_level_compact_level_count,
            max_space_reclaim_bytes,
            level0_max_compact_file_number,
            level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count,
            enable_emergency_picker,
            tombstone_reclaim_ratio,
            compression_level,
            compression_algorithm,
            max_l0_compact_level,
            sst_allowed_trivial_move_min_size,
            disable_auto_group_scheduling,
            max_overlapping_level_size,
            sst_allowed_trivial_move_max_count,
            emergency_level0_sst_file_count,
            emergency_level0_sub_level_partition,
            level0_stop_write_threshold_max_sst_count,
            level0_stop_write_threshold_max_size,
            enable_optimize_l0_interval_selection,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::update_compaction_config(
                context,
                compaction_group_ids,
                build_compaction_config_vec(
                    max_bytes_for_level_base,
                    max_bytes_for_level_multiplier,
                    max_compaction_bytes,
                    sub_level_max_compaction_bytes,
                    level0_tier_compact_file_number,
                    target_file_size_base,
                    compaction_filter_mask,
                    max_sub_compaction,
                    level0_stop_write_threshold_sub_level_number,
                    level0_sub_level_compact_level_count,
                    max_space_reclaim_bytes,
                    level0_max_compact_file_number,
                    level0_overlapping_sub_level_compact_level_count,
                    enable_emergency_picker,
                    tombstone_reclaim_ratio,
                    if let Some(level) = compression_level {
                        assert!(compression_algorithm.is_some());
                        Some(CompressionAlgorithm {
                            level,
                            compression_algorithm: compression_algorithm.unwrap(),
                        })
                    } else {
                        None
                    },
                    max_l0_compact_level,
                    sst_allowed_trivial_move_min_size,
                    disable_auto_group_scheduling,
                    max_overlapping_level_size,
                    sst_allowed_trivial_move_max_count,
                    emergency_level0_sst_file_count,
                    emergency_level0_sub_level_partition,
                    level0_stop_write_threshold_max_sst_count,
                    level0_stop_write_threshold_max_size,
                    enable_optimize_l0_interval_selection,
                ),
            )
            .await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::SplitCompactionGroup {
            compaction_group_id,
            table_ids,
            partition_vnode_count,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::split_compaction_group(
                context,
                compaction_group_id,
                &table_ids,
                partition_vnode_count,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::PauseVersionCheckpoint) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::pause_version_checkpoint(context).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ResumeVersionCheckpoint) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::resume_version_checkpoint(context).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ReplayVersion) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::replay_version(context).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ListCompactionStatus { verbose }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::list_compaction_status(context, verbose).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::GetCompactionScore {
            compaction_group_id,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::get_compaction_score(context, compaction_group_id).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ValidateVersion) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::validate_version(context).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::RebuildTableStats) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::rebuild_table_stats(context).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::CancelCompactTask { task_id }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::cancel_compact_task(context, task_id).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::PrintVersionDeltaInArchive {
            archive_ids,
            data_dir,
            sst_id,
            use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::print_version_delta_in_archive(
                context,
                archive_ids.into_iter().map(HummockVersionId::new),
                data_dir,
                sst_id,
                use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::PrintUserKeyInArchive {
            archive_ids,
            data_dir,
            user_key,
            use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::print_user_key_in_archive(
                context,
                archive_ids.into_iter().map(HummockVersionId::new),
                data_dir,
                user_key,
                use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::TieredCacheTracing {
            enable,
            record_hybrid_insert_threshold_ms,
            record_hybrid_get_threshold_ms,
            record_hybrid_obtain_threshold_ms,
            record_hybrid_remove_threshold_ms,
            record_hybrid_fetch_threshold_ms,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::tiered_cache_tracing(
                context,
                enable,
                record_hybrid_insert_threshold_ms,
                record_hybrid_get_threshold_ms,
                record_hybrid_obtain_threshold_ms,
                record_hybrid_remove_threshold_ms,
                record_hybrid_fetch_threshold_ms,
            )
            .await?
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::MergeCompactionGroup {
            left_group_id,
            right_group_id,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::hummock::merge_compaction_group(context, left_group_id, right_group_id)
                .await?
        }

        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::MigrateLegacyObject {
            url,
            source_dir,
            target_dir,
            concurrency,
        }) => {
            migrate_legacy_object(url, source_dir, target_dir, concurrency).await?;
        }
        Commands::Hummock(HummockCommands::ResizeCache {
            meta_cache_capacity_mb,
            data_cache_capacity_mb,
        }) => {
            const MIB: u64 = 1024 * 1024;
            cmd_impl::hummock::resize_cache(
                context,
                meta_cache_capacity_mb.map(|v| v * MIB),
                data_cache_capacity_mb.map(|v| v * MIB),
            )
            .await?
        }
        Commands::Table(TableCommands::Scan {
            mv_name,
            data_dir,
            use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::table::scan(context, mv_name, data_dir, use_new_object_prefix_strategy)
                .await?
        }
        Commands::Table(TableCommands::ScanById {
            table_id,
            data_dir,
            use_new_object_prefix_strategy,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::table::scan_id(context, table_id, data_dir, use_new_object_prefix_strategy)
                .await?
        }
        Commands::Table(TableCommands::List) => cmd_impl::table::list(context).await?,
        Commands::Bench(cmd) => cmd_impl::bench::do_bench(context, cmd).await?,
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::Pause) => cmd_impl::meta::pause(context).await?,
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::Resume) => cmd_impl::meta::resume(context).await?,
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::ClusterInfo) => cmd_impl::meta::cluster_info(context).await?,
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::SourceSplitInfo { ignore_id }) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::source_split_info(context, ignore_id).await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::Reschedule {
            from,
            dry_run,
            plan,
            revision,
            resolve_no_shuffle,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::reschedule(context, plan, revision, from, dry_run, resolve_no_shuffle)
                .await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::BackupMeta { remarks }) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::backup_meta(context, remarks).await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::RestoreMeta { opts }) => {
            risingwave_meta::backup_restore::restore(opts).await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::DeleteMetaSnapshots { snapshot_ids }) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::delete_meta_snapshots(context, &snapshot_ids).await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::ListConnections) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::list_connections(context).await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::ListServingFragmentMapping) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::list_serving_fragment_mappings(context).await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::UnregisterWorkers {
            workers,
            yes,
            ignore_not_found,
            check_fragment_occupied,
        }) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::unregister_workers(
                context,
                workers,
                yes,
                ignore_not_found,
                check_fragment_occupied,
            )
            .await?
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::ValidateSource { props }) => {
            cmd_impl::meta::validate_source(context, props).await?
        }
        Commands::AwaitTree(AwaitTreeCommands::Dump {
            actor_traces_format,
        }) => cmd_impl::await_tree::dump(context, actor_traces_format).await?,
        Commands::AwaitTree(AwaitTreeCommands::Analyze { path }) => {
            cmd_impl::await_tree::bottleneck_detect(context, path).await?
        }
        Commands::AwaitTree(AwaitTreeCommands::Transcribe { path }) => {
            rw_diagnose_tools::await_tree::transcribe(path)?
        }
        Commands::Profile(ProfileCommands::Cpu { sleep }) => {
            cmd_impl::profile::cpu_profile(context, sleep).await?
        }
        Commands::Profile(ProfileCommands::Heap { dir }) => {
            cmd_impl::profile::heap_profile(context, dir).await?
        }
        Commands::Scale(ScaleCommands::Cordon { workers }) => {
            cmd_impl::scale::update_schedulability(context, workers, Schedulability::Unschedulable)
                .await?
        }
        Commands::Scale(ScaleCommands::Uncordon { workers }) => {
            cmd_impl::scale::update_schedulability(context, workers, Schedulability::Schedulable)
                .await?
        }
        Commands::Throttle(ThrottleCommands::Source(args)) => {
            apply_throttle(context, risingwave_pb::meta::PbThrottleTarget::Source, args).await?
        }
        Commands::Throttle(ThrottleCommands::Mv(args)) => {
            apply_throttle(context, risingwave_pb::meta::PbThrottleTarget::Mv, args).await?;
        }
        Commands::Meta(MetaCommands::SetCdcTableBackfillParallelism {
            table_id,
            parallelism,
        }) => {
            set_cdc_table_backfill_parallelism(context, table_id, parallelism).await?;
        }
        Commands::Test(TestCommands::Jvm) => cmd_impl::test::test_jvm()?,
    }
    Ok(())
}