risingwave_frontend/binder/mod.rs
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// Copyright 2024 RisingWave Labs
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::sync::Arc;
use itertools::Itertools;
use parking_lot::RwLock;
use risingwave_common::catalog::FunctionId;
use risingwave_common::session_config::{SearchPath, SessionConfig};
use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
use risingwave_common::util::iter_util::ZipEqDebug;
use risingwave_sqlparser::ast::{Expr as AstExpr, SelectItem, SetExpr, Statement};
use crate::error::Result;
mod bind_context;
mod bind_param;
mod create;
mod create_view;
mod declare_cursor;
mod delete;
mod expr;
pub mod fetch_cursor;
mod for_system;
mod insert;
mod query;
mod relation;
mod select;
mod set_expr;
mod statement;
mod struct_field;
mod update;
mod values;
pub use bind_context::{BindContext, Clause, LateralBindContext};
pub use create_view::BoundCreateView;
pub use delete::BoundDelete;
pub use expr::{bind_data_type, bind_struct_field};
pub use insert::BoundInsert;
use pgwire::pg_server::{Session, SessionId};
pub use query::BoundQuery;
pub use relation::{
BoundBackCteRef, BoundBaseTable, BoundJoin, BoundShare, BoundShareInput, BoundSource,
BoundSystemTable, BoundWatermark, BoundWindowTableFunction, Relation,
ResolveQualifiedNameError, WindowTableFunctionKind,
};
pub use select::{BoundDistinct, BoundSelect};
pub use set_expr::*;
pub use statement::BoundStatement;
pub use update::{BoundUpdate, UpdateProject};
pub use values::BoundValues;
use crate::catalog::catalog_service::CatalogReadGuard;
use crate::catalog::schema_catalog::SchemaCatalog;
use crate::catalog::{CatalogResult, TableId, ViewId};
use crate::error::ErrorCode;
use crate::expr::ExprImpl;
use crate::session::{AuthContext, SessionImpl, TemporarySourceManager};
pub type ShareId = usize;
/// The type of binding statement.
enum BindFor {
/// Binding MV/SINK
Stream,
/// Binding a batch query
Batch,
/// Binding a DDL (e.g. CREATE TABLE/SOURCE)
Ddl,
/// Binding a system query (e.g. SHOW)
System,
}
/// `Binder` binds the identifiers in AST to columns in relations
pub struct Binder {
// TODO: maybe we can only lock the database, but not the whole catalog.
catalog: CatalogReadGuard,
db_name: String,
session_id: SessionId,
context: BindContext,
auth_context: Arc<AuthContext>,
/// A stack holding contexts of outer queries when binding a subquery.
/// It also holds all of the lateral contexts for each respective
/// subquery.
///
/// See [`Binder::bind_subquery_expr`] for details.
upper_subquery_contexts: Vec<(BindContext, Vec<LateralBindContext>)>,
/// A stack holding contexts of left-lateral `TableFactor`s.
///
/// We need a separate stack as `CorrelatedInputRef` depth is
/// determined by the upper subquery context depth, not the lateral context stack depth.
lateral_contexts: Vec<LateralBindContext>,
next_subquery_id: usize,
next_values_id: usize,
/// The `ShareId` is used to identify the share relation which could be a CTE, a source, a view
/// and so on.
next_share_id: ShareId,
session_config: Arc<RwLock<SessionConfig>>,
search_path: SearchPath,
/// The type of binding statement.
bind_for: BindFor,
/// `ShareId`s identifying shared views.
shared_views: HashMap<ViewId, ShareId>,
/// The included relations while binding a query.
included_relations: HashSet<TableId>,
/// The included user-defined functions while binding a query.
included_udfs: HashSet<FunctionId>,
param_types: ParameterTypes,
/// The sql udf context that will be used during binding phase
udf_context: UdfContext,
/// The temporary sources that will be used during binding phase
temporary_source_manager: TemporarySourceManager,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct UdfContext {
/// The mapping from `sql udf parameters` to a bound `ExprImpl` generated from `ast expressions`
/// Note: The expressions are constructed during runtime, correspond to the actual users' input
udf_param_context: HashMap<String, ExprImpl>,
/// The global counter that records the calling stack depth
/// of the current binding sql udf chain
udf_global_counter: u32,
}
impl UdfContext {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
udf_param_context: HashMap::new(),
udf_global_counter: 0,
}
}
pub fn global_count(&self) -> u32 {
self.udf_global_counter
}
pub fn incr_global_count(&mut self) {
self.udf_global_counter += 1;
}
pub fn decr_global_count(&mut self) {
self.udf_global_counter -= 1;
}
pub fn _is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.udf_param_context.is_empty()
}
pub fn update_context(&mut self, context: HashMap<String, ExprImpl>) {
self.udf_param_context = context;
}
pub fn _clear(&mut self) {
self.udf_global_counter = 0;
self.udf_param_context.clear();
}
pub fn get_expr(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&ExprImpl> {
self.udf_param_context.get(name)
}
pub fn get_context(&self) -> HashMap<String, ExprImpl> {
self.udf_param_context.clone()
}
/// A common utility function to extract sql udf
/// expression out from the input `ast`
pub fn extract_udf_expression(ast: Vec<Statement>) -> Result<AstExpr> {
if ast.len() != 1 {
return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
"the query for sql udf should contain only one statement".to_string(),
)
.into());
}
// Extract the expression out
let Statement::Query(query) = ast[0].clone() else {
return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
"invalid function definition, please recheck the syntax".to_string(),
)
.into());
};
let SetExpr::Select(select) = query.body else {
return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
"missing `select` body for sql udf expression, please recheck the syntax"
.to_string(),
)
.into());
};
if select.projection.len() != 1 {
return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
"`projection` should contain only one `SelectItem`".to_string(),
)
.into());
}
let SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(expr) = select.projection[0].clone() else {
return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(
"expect `UnnamedExpr` for `projection`".to_string(),
)
.into());
};
Ok(expr)
}
}
/// `ParameterTypes` is used to record the types of the parameters during binding prepared stataments.
/// It works by following the rules:
/// 1. At the beginning, it contains the user specified parameters type.
/// 2. When the binder encounters a parameter, it will record it as unknown(call `record_new_param`)
/// if it didn't exist in `ParameterTypes`.
/// 3. When the binder encounters a cast on parameter, if it's a unknown type, the cast function
/// will record the target type as infer type for that parameter(call `record_infer_type`). If the
/// parameter has been inferred, the cast function will act as a normal cast.
/// 4. After bind finished:
/// (a) parameter not in `ParameterTypes` means that the user didn't specify it and it didn't
/// occur in the query. `export` will return error if there is a kind of
/// parameter. This rule is compatible with PostgreSQL
/// (b) parameter is None means that it's a unknown type. The user didn't specify it
/// and we can't infer it in the query. We will treat it as VARCHAR type finally. This rule is
/// compatible with PostgreSQL.
/// (c) parameter is Some means that it's a known type.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct ParameterTypes(Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, Option<DataType>>>>);
impl ParameterTypes {
pub fn new(specified_param_types: Vec<Option<DataType>>) -> Self {
let map = specified_param_types
.into_iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(index, data_type)| ((index + 1) as u64, data_type))
.collect::<HashMap<u64, Option<DataType>>>();
Self(Arc::new(RwLock::new(map)))
}
pub fn has_infer(&self, index: u64) -> bool {
self.0.read().get(&index).unwrap().is_some()
}
pub fn read_type(&self, index: u64) -> Option<DataType> {
self.0.read().get(&index).unwrap().clone()
}
pub fn record_new_param(&mut self, index: u64) {
self.0.write().entry(index).or_insert(None);
}
pub fn record_infer_type(&mut self, index: u64, data_type: DataType) {
assert!(
!self.has_infer(index),
"The parameter has been inferred, should not be inferred again."
);
self.0.write().get_mut(&index).unwrap().replace(data_type);
}
pub fn export(&self) -> Result<Vec<DataType>> {
let types = self
.0
.read()
.clone()
.into_iter()
.sorted_by_key(|(index, _)| *index)
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// Check if all the parameters have been inferred.
for ((index, _), expect_index) in types.iter().zip_eq_debug(1_u64..=types.len() as u64) {
if *index != expect_index {
return Err(ErrorCode::InvalidInputSyntax(format!(
"Cannot infer the type of the parameter {}.",
expect_index
))
.into());
}
}
Ok(types
.into_iter()
.map(|(_, data_type)| data_type.unwrap_or(DataType::Varchar))
.collect::<Vec<_>>())
}
}
impl Binder {
fn new_inner(
session: &SessionImpl,
bind_for: BindFor,
param_types: Vec<Option<DataType>>,
) -> Binder {
Binder {
catalog: session.env().catalog_reader().read_guard(),
db_name: session.database().to_string(),
session_id: session.id(),
context: BindContext::new(),
auth_context: session.auth_context(),
upper_subquery_contexts: vec![],
lateral_contexts: vec![],
next_subquery_id: 0,
next_values_id: 0,
next_share_id: 0,
session_config: session.shared_config(),
search_path: session.config().search_path(),
bind_for,
shared_views: HashMap::new(),
included_relations: HashSet::new(),
included_udfs: HashSet::new(),
param_types: ParameterTypes::new(param_types),
udf_context: UdfContext::new(),
temporary_source_manager: session.temporary_source_manager(),
}
}
pub fn new(session: &SessionImpl) -> Binder {
Self::new_inner(session, BindFor::Batch, vec![])
}
pub fn new_with_param_types(
session: &SessionImpl,
param_types: Vec<Option<DataType>>,
) -> Binder {
Self::new_inner(session, BindFor::Batch, param_types)
}
pub fn new_for_stream(session: &SessionImpl) -> Binder {
Self::new_inner(session, BindFor::Stream, vec![])
}
pub fn new_for_ddl(session: &SessionImpl) -> Binder {
Self::new_inner(session, BindFor::Ddl, vec![])
}
pub fn new_for_system(session: &SessionImpl) -> Binder {
Self::new_inner(session, BindFor::System, vec![])
}
pub fn new_for_stream_with_param_types(
session: &SessionImpl,
param_types: Vec<Option<DataType>>,
) -> Binder {
Self::new_inner(session, BindFor::Stream, param_types)
}
fn is_for_stream(&self) -> bool {
matches!(self.bind_for, BindFor::Stream)
}
#[expect(dead_code)]
fn is_for_batch(&self) -> bool {
matches!(self.bind_for, BindFor::Batch)
}
fn is_for_ddl(&self) -> bool {
matches!(self.bind_for, BindFor::Ddl)
}
/// Bind a [`Statement`].
pub fn bind(&mut self, stmt: Statement) -> Result<BoundStatement> {
self.bind_statement(stmt)
}
pub fn export_param_types(&self) -> Result<Vec<DataType>> {
self.param_types.export()
}
/// Get included relations in the query after binding. This is used for resolving relation
/// dependencies. Note that it only contains referenced relations discovered during binding.
/// After the plan is built, the referenced relations may be changed. We cannot rely on the
/// collection result of plan, because we still need to record the dependencies that have been
/// optimised away.
pub fn included_relations(&self) -> &HashSet<TableId> {
&self.included_relations
}
/// Get included user-defined functions in the query after binding.
pub fn included_udfs(&self) -> &HashSet<FunctionId> {
&self.included_udfs
}
fn push_context(&mut self) {
let new_context = std::mem::take(&mut self.context);
self.context
.cte_to_relation
.clone_from(&new_context.cte_to_relation);
let new_lateral_contexts = std::mem::take(&mut self.lateral_contexts);
self.upper_subquery_contexts
.push((new_context, new_lateral_contexts));
}
fn pop_context(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let (old_context, old_lateral_contexts) = self
.upper_subquery_contexts
.pop()
.ok_or_else(|| ErrorCode::InternalError("Popping non-existent context".to_string()))?;
self.context = old_context;
self.lateral_contexts = old_lateral_contexts;
Ok(())
}
fn push_lateral_context(&mut self) {
let new_context = std::mem::take(&mut self.context);
self.context
.cte_to_relation
.clone_from(&new_context.cte_to_relation);
self.lateral_contexts.push(LateralBindContext {
is_visible: false,
context: new_context,
});
}
fn pop_and_merge_lateral_context(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let mut old_context = self
.lateral_contexts
.pop()
.ok_or_else(|| ErrorCode::InternalError("Popping non-existent context".to_string()))?
.context;
old_context.merge_context(self.context.clone())?;
self.context = old_context;
Ok(())
}
fn try_mark_lateral_as_visible(&mut self) {
if let Some(mut ctx) = self.lateral_contexts.pop() {
ctx.is_visible = true;
self.lateral_contexts.push(ctx);
}
}
fn try_mark_lateral_as_invisible(&mut self) {
if let Some(mut ctx) = self.lateral_contexts.pop() {
ctx.is_visible = false;
self.lateral_contexts.push(ctx);
}
}
fn next_subquery_id(&mut self) -> usize {
let id = self.next_subquery_id;
self.next_subquery_id += 1;
id
}
fn next_values_id(&mut self) -> usize {
let id = self.next_values_id;
self.next_values_id += 1;
id
}
fn next_share_id(&mut self) -> ShareId {
let id = self.next_share_id;
self.next_share_id += 1;
id
}
fn first_valid_schema(&self) -> CatalogResult<&SchemaCatalog> {
self.catalog.first_valid_schema(
&self.db_name,
&self.search_path,
&self.auth_context.user_name,
)
}
pub fn set_clause(&mut self, clause: Option<Clause>) {
self.context.clause = clause;
}
pub fn udf_context_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UdfContext {
&mut self.udf_context
}
}
/// The column name stored in [`BindContext`] for a column without an alias.
pub const UNNAMED_COLUMN: &str = "?column?";
/// The table name stored in [`BindContext`] for a subquery without an alias.
const UNNAMED_SUBQUERY: &str = "?subquery?";
/// The table name stored in [`BindContext`] for a column group.
const COLUMN_GROUP_PREFIX: &str = "?column_group_id?";
#[cfg(test)]
pub mod test_utils {
use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
use super::Binder;
use crate::session::SessionImpl;
#[cfg(test)]
pub fn mock_binder() -> Binder {
Binder::new(&SessionImpl::mock())
}
#[cfg(test)]
pub fn mock_binder_with_param_types(param_types: Vec<Option<DataType>>) -> Binder {
Binder::new_with_param_types(&SessionImpl::mock(), param_types)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use expect_test::expect;
use super::test_utils::*;
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_rcte() {
let stmt = risingwave_sqlparser::parser::Parser::parse_sql(
"WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS (SELECT 1 AS a UNION ALL SELECT a + 1 FROM t1 WHERE a < 10) SELECT * FROM t1",
).unwrap().into_iter().next().unwrap();
let mut binder = mock_binder();
let bound = binder.bind(stmt).unwrap();
let expected = expect![[r#"
Query(
BoundQuery {
body: Select(
BoundSelect {
distinct: All,
select_items: [
InputRef(
InputRef {
index: 0,
data_type: Int32,
},
),
],
aliases: [
Some(
"a",
),
],
from: Some(
Share(
BoundShare {
share_id: 0,
input: Query(
Right(
RecursiveUnion {
all: true,
base: Select(
BoundSelect {
distinct: All,
select_items: [
Literal(
Literal {
data: Some(
Int32(
1,
),
),
data_type: Some(
Int32,
),
},
),
],
aliases: [
Some(
"a",
),
],
from: None,
where_clause: None,
group_by: GroupKey(
[],
),
having: None,
schema: Schema {
fields: [
a:Int32,
],
},
},
),
recursive: Select(
BoundSelect {
distinct: All,
select_items: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCall {
func_type: Add,
return_type: Int32,
inputs: [
InputRef(
InputRef {
index: 0,
data_type: Int32,
},
),
Literal(
Literal {
data: Some(
Int32(
1,
),
),
data_type: Some(
Int32,
),
},
),
],
},
),
],
aliases: [
None,
],
from: Some(
BackCteRef(
BoundBackCteRef {
share_id: 0,
base: Select(
BoundSelect {
distinct: All,
select_items: [
Literal(
Literal {
data: Some(
Int32(
1,
),
),
data_type: Some(
Int32,
),
},
),
],
aliases: [
Some(
"a",
),
],
from: None,
where_clause: None,
group_by: GroupKey(
[],
),
having: None,
schema: Schema {
fields: [
a:Int32,
],
},
},
),
},
),
),
where_clause: Some(
FunctionCall(
FunctionCall {
func_type: LessThan,
return_type: Boolean,
inputs: [
InputRef(
InputRef {
index: 0,
data_type: Int32,
},
),
Literal(
Literal {
data: Some(
Int32(
10,
),
),
data_type: Some(
Int32,
),
},
),
],
},
),
),
group_by: GroupKey(
[],
),
having: None,
schema: Schema {
fields: [
?column?:Int32,
],
},
},
),
schema: Schema {
fields: [
a:Int32,
],
},
},
),
),
},
),
),
where_clause: None,
group_by: GroupKey(
[],
),
having: None,
schema: Schema {
fields: [
a:Int32,
],
},
},
),
order: [],
limit: None,
offset: None,
with_ties: false,
extra_order_exprs: [],
},
)"#]];
expected.assert_eq(&format!("{:#?}", bound));
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_bind_approx_percentile() {
let stmt = risingwave_sqlparser::parser::Parser::parse_sql(
"SELECT approx_percentile(0.5, 0.01) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY generate_series) FROM generate_series(1, 100)",
).unwrap().into_iter().next().unwrap();
let parse_expected = expect![[r#"
Query(
Query {
with: None,
body: Select(
Select {
distinct: All,
projection: [
UnnamedExpr(
Function(
Function {
scalar_as_agg: false,
name: ObjectName(
[
Ident {
value: "approx_percentile",
quote_style: None,
},
],
),
arg_list: FunctionArgList {
distinct: false,
args: [
Unnamed(
Expr(
Value(
Number(
"0.5",
),
),
),
),
Unnamed(
Expr(
Value(
Number(
"0.01",
),
),
),
),
],
variadic: false,
order_by: [],
ignore_nulls: false,
},
within_group: Some(
OrderByExpr {
expr: Identifier(
Ident {
value: "generate_series",
quote_style: None,
},
),
asc: None,
nulls_first: None,
},
),
filter: None,
over: None,
},
),
),
],
from: [
TableWithJoins {
relation: TableFunction {
name: ObjectName(
[
Ident {
value: "generate_series",
quote_style: None,
},
],
),
alias: None,
args: [
Unnamed(
Expr(
Value(
Number(
"1",
),
),
),
),
Unnamed(
Expr(
Value(
Number(
"100",
),
),
),
),
],
with_ordinality: false,
},
joins: [],
},
],
lateral_views: [],
selection: None,
group_by: [],
having: None,
},
),
order_by: [],
limit: None,
offset: None,
fetch: None,
},
)"#]];
parse_expected.assert_eq(&format!("{:#?}", stmt));
let mut binder = mock_binder();
let bound = binder.bind(stmt).unwrap();
let expected = expect![[r#"
Query(
BoundQuery {
body: Select(
BoundSelect {
distinct: All,
select_items: [
AggCall(
AggCall {
agg_type: Builtin(
ApproxPercentile,
),
return_type: Float64,
args: [
FunctionCall(
FunctionCall {
func_type: Cast,
return_type: Float64,
inputs: [
InputRef(
InputRef {
index: 0,
data_type: Int32,
},
),
],
},
),
],
filter: Condition {
conjunctions: [],
},
distinct: false,
order_by: OrderBy {
sort_exprs: [
OrderByExpr {
expr: InputRef(
InputRef {
index: 0,
data_type: Int32,
},
),
order_type: OrderType {
direction: Ascending,
nulls_are: Largest,
},
},
],
},
direct_args: [
Literal {
data: Some(
Float64(
OrderedFloat(
0.5,
),
),
),
data_type: Some(
Float64,
),
},
Literal {
data: Some(
Float64(
OrderedFloat(
0.01,
),
),
),
data_type: Some(
Float64,
),
},
],
},
),
],
aliases: [
Some(
"approx_percentile",
),
],
from: Some(
TableFunction {
expr: TableFunction(
FunctionCall {
function_type: GenerateSeries,
return_type: Int32,
args: [
Literal(
Literal {
data: Some(
Int32(
1,
),
),
data_type: Some(
Int32,
),
},
),
Literal(
Literal {
data: Some(
Int32(
100,
),
),
data_type: Some(
Int32,
),
},
),
],
},
),
with_ordinality: false,
},
),
where_clause: None,
group_by: GroupKey(
[],
),
having: None,
schema: Schema {
fields: [
approx_percentile:Float64,
],
},
},
),
order: [],
limit: None,
offset: None,
with_ties: false,
extra_order_exprs: [],
},
)"#]];
expected.assert_eq(&format!("{:#?}", bound));
}
}