risingwave_meta/hummock/manager/compaction/compaction_group_schedule/

topology.rs

// Copyright 2026 RisingWave Labs
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! Split and merge transactions. Lock acquisition, commit, candidate publication, and
//! post-commit cleanup stay together so their ordering is visible at each operation.

use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
use std::ops::DerefMut;
use std::sync::Arc;

use bytes::Bytes;
use itertools::Itertools;
use risingwave_common::catalog::TableId;
use risingwave_common::hash::VirtualNode;
use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compact_task::{ReportTask, is_compaction_task_expired};
use risingwave_hummock_sdk::compaction_group::{StateTableId, group_split};
use risingwave_hummock_sdk::version::{GroupDelta, GroupDeltas};
use risingwave_hummock_sdk::{CompactionGroupId, can_concat};
use risingwave_pb::hummock::compact_task::{TaskStatus, TaskType};
use risingwave_pb::hummock::rise_ctl_update_compaction_config_request::mutable_config::MutableConfig;
use risingwave_pb::hummock::{
    CompatibilityVersion, PbGroupConstruct, PbGroupMerge, PbStateTableInfoDelta,
};
use thiserror_ext::AsReport;

use super::{CompactionGroupStatistic, merge_policy};
use crate::hummock::error::{Error, Result};
use crate::hummock::manager::transaction::HummockVersionTransaction;
use crate::hummock::manager::{HummockManager, commit_multi_var};
use crate::hummock::metrics_utils::remove_compaction_group_metrics;
use crate::hummock::sequence::{next_compaction_group_id, next_sstable_id};

impl HummockManager {
    pub async fn merge_compaction_group(
        &self,
        group_1: CompactionGroupId,
        group_2: CompactionGroupId,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.merge_compaction_group_impl(group_1, group_2, None, false)
            .await
            .map(|_| ())
    }

    pub async fn merge_compaction_group_for_test(
        &self,
        group_1: CompactionGroupId,
        group_2: CompactionGroupId,
        created_tables: HashSet<TableId>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.merge_compaction_group_impl(group_1, group_2, Some(&created_tables), false)
            .await
            .map(|_| ())
    }

    pub async fn merge_compaction_group_impl(
        &self,
        group_1: CompactionGroupId,
        group_2: CompactionGroupId,
        created_tables: Option<&HashSet<TableId>>,
        validate_policy: bool,
    ) -> Result<CompactionGroupStatistic> {
        // Catalog access can wait for DDL or the database. Do it before taking Hummock write
        // locks, then conservatively check this snapshot against the current group members.
        let fetched_created_tables;
        let created_tables = if let Some(created_tables) = created_tables {
            // Reuse the batch snapshot; a newly added table is conservatively rejected by
            // the current-membership check below, without another catalog query per merge.
            created_tables
        } else {
            fetched_created_tables = match self.metadata_manager.get_created_table_ids().await {
                Ok(created_tables) => HashSet::from_iter(created_tables),
                Err(err) => {
                    tracing::warn!(target: super::TRACE_TARGET, error = %err.as_report(), "failed to fetch created table ids");
                    return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                        "merge group_1 {} group_2 {} failed to fetch created table ids",
                        group_1, group_2
                    )));
                }
            };
            &fetched_created_tables
        };
        let compaction_guard = self
            .compaction
            .write_with_process_name("merge_compaction_group_impl")
            .await;
        let mut versioning_guard = self
            .versioning
            .write_with_process_name("merge_compaction_group_impl")
            .await;
        let versioning = versioning_guard.deref_mut();
        // Validate parameters.
        if !versioning.current_version.levels.contains_key(&group_1) {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!("invalid group {}", group_1)));
        }

        if !versioning.current_version.levels.contains_key(&group_2) {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!("invalid group {}", group_2)));
        }

        let state_table_info = &versioning.current_version.state_table_info;
        let mut member_table_ids_1 = state_table_info
            .compaction_group_member_table_ids(group_1)
            .iter()
            .cloned()
            .collect_vec();

        if member_table_ids_1.is_empty() {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "group_1 {} is empty",
                group_1
            )));
        }

        let mut member_table_ids_2 = state_table_info
            .compaction_group_member_table_ids(group_2)
            .iter()
            .cloned()
            .collect_vec();

        if member_table_ids_2.is_empty() {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "group_2 {} is empty",
                group_2
            )));
        }

        debug_assert!(!member_table_ids_1.is_empty());
        debug_assert!(!member_table_ids_2.is_empty());
        assert!(member_table_ids_1.is_sorted());
        assert!(member_table_ids_2.is_sorted());

        // Do not merge a group containing a table that is still being created.
        if member_table_ids_1
            .iter()
            .chain(&member_table_ids_2)
            .any(|table_id| !created_tables.contains(table_id))
        {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "Cannot merge creating group {} next_group {} member_table_ids_1 {:?} member_table_ids_2 {:?}",
                group_1, group_2, member_table_ids_1, member_table_ids_2
            )));
        }

        // Make sure `member_table_ids_1` is smaller than `member_table_ids_2`
        let (left_group_id, right_group_id) =
            if member_table_ids_1.first().unwrap() < member_table_ids_2.first().unwrap() {
                (group_1, group_2)
            } else {
                std::mem::swap(&mut member_table_ids_1, &mut member_table_ids_2);
                (group_2, group_1)
            };

        // We can only merge two groups with non-overlapping member table ids.
        // After the swap above, member_table_ids_1 has the smaller first element.
        // If the last element of member_table_ids_1 >= the first element of member_table_ids_2,
        // the two groups' table id ranges overlap and cannot be merged.
        if member_table_ids_1.last().unwrap() >= member_table_ids_2.first().unwrap() {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "invalid merge group_1 {} group_2 {}: table id ranges overlap",
                left_group_id, right_group_id
            )));
        }

        let combined_member_table_ids = member_table_ids_1
            .iter()
            .chain(member_table_ids_2.iter())
            .collect_vec();
        assert!(combined_member_table_ids.is_sorted());

        // These members and their sizes are stable under versioning. Reuse the same
        // per-table sizes for the policy check and the returned survivor statistics.
        let survivor_tables = combined_member_table_ids
            .iter()
            .map(|&&table_id| {
                let size = versioning
                    .version_stats
                    .table_stats
                    .get(&table_id)
                    .map(|stats| (stats.total_key_size + stats.total_value_size).max(0) as u64)
                    .unwrap_or(0);
                (table_id, size)
            })
            .collect_vec();

        let mut compaction_group_manager = self
            .compaction_group_manager
            .write_with_process_name("merge_compaction_group_impl")
            .await;
        if validate_policy {
            let group = compaction_group_manager
                .try_get_compaction_group_config(group_1)
                .ok_or_else(|| Error::CompactionGroup(format!("invalid group {group_1}")))?;
            let next_group = compaction_group_manager
                .try_get_compaction_group_config(group_2)
                .ok_or_else(|| Error::CompactionGroup(format!("invalid group {group_2}")))?;
            let current_size = survivor_tables.iter().map(|(_, size)| size).sum();
            // The scheduling snapshot is only a prefilter. Check all mutable policy inputs
            // under the locks already needed to apply the merge, before scanning SSTs.
            merge_policy::validate_group_config(&group, &next_group, current_size, &self.env.opts)?;
            merge_policy::validate_group_levels(
                &group,
                &next_group,
                &self.env.opts,
                &versioning.current_version,
            )?;
            // Commit hands off to statistics before releasing versioning. This read cannot
            // pair the new version with throughput from before its commit.
            if !merge_policy::check_is_low_write_throughput(
                &self.table_write_throughput_statistic_manager.read(),
                combined_member_table_ids.iter().map(|&&table_id| table_id),
                &self.env.opts,
            ) {
                return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                    "Cannot merge groups {group_1} and {group_2}: current throughput is not observed cold"
                )));
            }
        }

        // check duplicated sst_id
        let mut sst_id_set = HashSet::new();
        for sst_id in versioning
            .current_version
            .get_sst_ids_by_group_id(left_group_id)
            .chain(
                versioning
                    .current_version
                    .get_sst_ids_by_group_id(right_group_id),
            )
        {
            if !sst_id_set.insert(sst_id) {
                return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                    "invalid merge group_1 {} group_2 {} duplicated sst_id {}",
                    left_group_id, right_group_id, sst_id
                )));
            }
        }

        // check branched sst on non-overlap level
        {
            let left_levels = versioning
                .current_version
                .get_compaction_group_levels(left_group_id);

            let right_levels = versioning
                .current_version
                .get_compaction_group_levels(right_group_id);

            // we can not check the l0 sub level, because the sub level id will be rewritten when merge
            // This check will ensure that other non-overlapping level ssts can be concat and that the key_range is correct.
            let max_level = std::cmp::max(left_levels.levels.len(), right_levels.levels.len());
            for level_idx in 1..=max_level {
                let left_level = left_levels.get_level(level_idx);
                let right_level = right_levels.get_level(level_idx);
                if left_level.table_infos.is_empty() || right_level.table_infos.is_empty() {
                    continue;
                }

                let left_last_sst = left_level.table_infos.last().unwrap().clone();
                let right_first_sst = right_level.table_infos.first().unwrap().clone();
                let left_sst_id = left_last_sst.sst_id;
                let right_sst_id = right_first_sst.sst_id;
                let left_obj_id = left_last_sst.object_id;
                let right_obj_id = right_first_sst.object_id;

                // Since the sst key_range within a group is legal, we only need to check the ssts adjacent to the two groups.
                if !can_concat(&[left_last_sst, right_first_sst]) {
                    return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                        "invalid merge group_1 {} group_2 {} level_idx {} left_last_sst_id {} right_first_sst_id {} left_obj_id {} right_obj_id {}",
                        left_group_id,
                        right_group_id,
                        level_idx,
                        left_sst_id,
                        right_sst_id,
                        left_obj_id,
                        right_obj_id
                    )));
                }
            }
        }

        let mut version = HummockVersionTransaction::new(
            &mut versioning.current_version,
            &mut versioning.hummock_version_deltas,
            &mut versioning.table_change_log,
            &self.gc_manager.change_log_retention,
            self.env.notification_manager(),
            None,
            &self.metrics,
            &self.env.opts,
            &self.version_stat_tx,
        );
        let mut new_version_delta = version.new_delta();

        let target_compaction_group_id = {
            // merge right_group_id to left_group_id and remove right_group_id
            new_version_delta.group_deltas.insert(
                left_group_id,
                GroupDeltas {
                    group_deltas: vec![GroupDelta::GroupMerge(PbGroupMerge {
                        left_group_id,
                        right_group_id,
                    })],
                },
            );
            left_group_id
        };

        // TODO: remove compaciton group_id from state_table_info
        // rewrite compaction_group_id for all tables
        new_version_delta.with_latest_version(|version, new_version_delta| {
            for &table_id in combined_member_table_ids {
                let info = version
                    .state_table_info
                    .info()
                    .get(&table_id)
                    .expect("have check exist previously");
                assert!(
                    new_version_delta
                        .state_table_info_delta
                        .insert(
                            table_id,
                            PbStateTableInfoDelta {
                                committed_epoch: info.committed_epoch,
                                compaction_group_id: target_compaction_group_id,
                            }
                        )
                        .is_none()
                );
            }
        });

        let survivor_config = {
            let mut compaction_groups_txn = compaction_group_manager.start_compaction_groups_txn();

            // for metrics reclaim
            {
                let right_group_max_level = new_version_delta
                    .latest_version()
                    .get_compaction_group_levels(right_group_id)
                    .levels
                    .len();

                remove_compaction_group_metrics(
                    &self.metrics,
                    right_group_id,
                    right_group_max_level,
                );
            }

            // clear `partition_vnode_count` for the hybrid group
            {
                if let Err(err) = compaction_groups_txn.update_compaction_config(
                    &[left_group_id],
                    &[MutableConfig::SplitWeightByVnode(0)], // default
                ) {
                    tracing::error!(target: super::TRACE_TARGET,
                        error = %err.as_report(),
                        "failed to update compaction config for group-{}",
                        left_group_id
                    );
                }
            }

            new_version_delta.pre_apply();

            // remove right_group_id
            compaction_groups_txn.remove(right_group_id);
            commit_multi_var!(self.meta_store_ref(), version, compaction_groups_txn)?;
            compaction_group_manager
                .try_get_compaction_group_config(left_group_id)
                .expect("merged group config should exist")
        };

        drop(compaction_group_manager);

        // Update candidates only after commit, while versioning still protects group membership.
        self.compaction_state
            .remove_compaction_group(right_group_id);
        if !self.env.opts.compaction_deterministic_test {
            self.try_send_compaction_request(left_group_id, TaskType::Dynamic);
        }

        // Instead of handling DeltaType::GroupConstruct for time travel, simply enforce a version snapshot.
        versioning.mark_next_time_travel_version_snapshot();

        // cancel tasks
        let mut canceled_tasks = vec![];
        // after merge, all tasks in right_group_id should be canceled
        // Failure of cancel does not cause correctness problems, the report task will have better interception, and the operation here is designed to free up compactor compute resources more quickly.
        let compact_task_assignments =
            compaction_guard.get_compact_task_assignments_by_group_id(right_group_id);
        compact_task_assignments
            .into_iter()
            .for_each(|task_assignment| {
                let task = &task_assignment.compact_task;
                assert_eq!(task.compaction_group_id, right_group_id);
                canceled_tasks.push(ReportTask {
                    task_id: task.task_id,
                    task_status: TaskStatus::ManualCanceled,
                    table_stats_change: HashMap::default(),
                    sorted_output_ssts: vec![],
                    object_timestamps: HashMap::default(),
                });
            });

        if !canceled_tasks.is_empty() {
            self.report_compact_tasks_impl(canceled_tasks, compaction_guard, versioning_guard)
                .await?;
        } else {
            drop(versioning_guard);
            drop(compaction_guard);
        }

        self.try_update_write_limits(&[left_group_id, right_group_id])
            .await;

        // Count successful merges here for both manual and automatic callers.
        self.metrics
            .merge_compaction_group_count
            .with_label_values(&[&left_group_id.to_string()])
            .inc();

        // This is the actual survivor at the topology commit, including its current members and
        // config. Build its map after releasing the write locks, without rescanning other groups.
        Ok(CompactionGroupStatistic {
            group_id: left_group_id,
            group_size: survivor_tables.iter().map(|(_, size)| size).sum(),
            table_statistic: survivor_tables.into_iter().collect(),
            compaction_group_config: survivor_config,
        })
    }
}

impl HummockManager {
    /// Split `table_ids` to a dedicated compaction group.(will be split by the `table_id` and `vnode`.)
    /// Returns the compaction group id containing the `table_ids` and the mapping of compaction group id to table ids.
    /// The split will follow the following rules
    /// 1. ssts with `key_range.left` greater than `split_key` will be split to the right group
    /// 2. the sst containing `split_key` will be split into two separate ssts and their `key_range` will be changed `sst_1`: [`sst.key_range.left`, `split_key`) `sst_2`: [`split_key`, `sst.key_range.right`]
    /// 3. currently only `vnode` 0 and `vnode` max is supported. (Due to the above rule, vnode max will be rewritten as `table_id` + 1, `vnode` 0)
    ///   - `parent_group_id`: the `group_id` to split
    ///   - `split_table_ids`: the `table_ids` to split, now we still support to split multiple tables to one group at once, pass `split_table_ids` for per `split` operation for checking
    ///   - `table_id_to_split`: the `table_id` to split
    ///   - `vnode_to_split`: the `vnode` to split
    ///   - `partition_vnode_count`: the partition count for the single table group if need
    async fn split_compaction_group_impl(
        &self,
        parent_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
        split_table_ids: &[StateTableId],
        table_id_to_split: StateTableId,
        vnode_to_split: VirtualNode,
        partition_vnode_count: Option<u32>,
        validate_policy: bool,
    ) -> Result<Vec<(CompactionGroupId, Vec<StateTableId>)>> {
        let mut result = vec![];
        let compaction_guard = self
            .compaction
            .write_with_process_name("split_compaction_group_impl")
            .await;
        let mut versioning_guard = self
            .versioning
            .write_with_process_name("split_compaction_group_impl")
            .await;
        let versioning = versioning_guard.deref_mut();
        // Validate parameters.
        if !versioning
            .current_version
            .levels
            .contains_key(&parent_group_id)
        {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "invalid group {}",
                parent_group_id
            )));
        }

        let member_table_ids = versioning
            .current_version
            .state_table_info
            .compaction_group_member_table_ids(parent_group_id)
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();

        if !member_table_ids.contains(&table_id_to_split) {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "table {} doesn't in group {}",
                table_id_to_split, parent_group_id
            )));
        }

        let split_full_key = group_split::build_split_full_key(table_id_to_split, vnode_to_split);

        // change to vec for partition
        let table_ids = member_table_ids.into_iter().collect_vec();
        if table_ids == split_table_ids {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "invalid split attempt for group {}: all member tables are moved",
                parent_group_id
            )));
        }
        // avoid decode split_key when caller is aware of the table_id and vnode
        let (table_ids_left, table_ids_right) =
            group_split::split_table_ids_with_table_id_and_vnode(
                &table_ids,
                split_full_key.user_key.table_id,
                split_full_key.user_key.get_vnode_id(),
            );
        if table_ids_left.is_empty() || table_ids_right.is_empty() {
            // not need to split group if all tables are in the same side
            if !table_ids_left.is_empty() {
                result.push((parent_group_id, table_ids_left));
            }

            if !table_ids_right.is_empty() {
                result.push((parent_group_id, table_ids_right));
            }
            return Ok(result);
        }

        result.push((parent_group_id, table_ids_left));

        let split_key: Bytes = split_full_key.encode().into();

        let mut version = HummockVersionTransaction::new(
            &mut versioning.current_version,
            &mut versioning.hummock_version_deltas,
            &mut versioning.table_change_log,
            &self.gc_manager.change_log_retention,
            self.env.notification_manager(),
            None,
            &self.metrics,
            &self.env.opts,
            &self.version_stat_tx,
        );
        let mut new_version_delta = version.new_delta();

        let split_sst_count = new_version_delta
            .latest_version()
            .count_new_ssts_in_group_split(parent_group_id, split_key.clone());

        let new_sst_start_id = next_sstable_id(&self.env, split_sst_count).await?;
        let (new_compaction_group_id, config) = {
            // All NewCompactionGroup pairs are mapped to one new compaction group.
            let new_compaction_group_id = next_compaction_group_id(&self.env).await?;
            // Inherit config from parent group
            let config = self
                .compaction_group_manager
                .read_with_process_name("split_compaction_group_impl")
                .await
                .try_get_compaction_group_config(parent_group_id)
                .ok_or_else(|| {
                    Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                        "parent group {} config not found",
                        parent_group_id
                    ))
                })?
                .compaction_config()
                .as_ref()
                .clone();

            #[expect(deprecated)]
            // fill the deprecated field with default value
            new_version_delta.group_deltas.insert(
                new_compaction_group_id,
                GroupDeltas {
                    group_deltas: vec![GroupDelta::GroupConstruct(Box::new(PbGroupConstruct {
                        group_config: Some(config.clone()),
                        group_id: new_compaction_group_id,
                        parent_group_id,
                        new_sst_start_id,
                        table_ids: vec![],
                        version: CompatibilityVersion::LATEST as _, // for compatibility
                        split_key: Some(split_key.into()),
                    }))],
                },
            );
            (new_compaction_group_id, config)
        };

        new_version_delta.with_latest_version(|version, new_version_delta| {
            for &table_id in &table_ids_right {
                let info = version
                    .state_table_info
                    .info()
                    .get(&table_id)
                    .expect("have check exist previously");
                assert!(
                    new_version_delta
                        .state_table_info_delta
                        .insert(
                            table_id,
                            PbStateTableInfoDelta {
                                committed_epoch: info.committed_epoch,
                                compaction_group_id: new_compaction_group_id,
                            }
                        )
                        .is_none()
                );
            }
        });

        result.push((new_compaction_group_id, table_ids_right));

        {
            let mut compaction_group_manager = self
                .compaction_group_manager
                .write_with_process_name("split_compaction_group_impl")
                .await;
            // Check automatic policy at each committed step, while config changes are
            // excluded by the same write guard used to create the child group.
            if validate_policy
                && compaction_group_manager
                    .try_get_compaction_group_config(parent_group_id)
                    .expect("current parent config should exist")
                    .compaction_config
                    .disable_auto_group_scheduling
                    .unwrap_or(false)
            {
                return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                    "group {parent_group_id} disables automatic splitting"
                )));
            }
            let mut compaction_groups_txn = compaction_group_manager.start_compaction_groups_txn();
            compaction_groups_txn
                .create_compaction_groups(new_compaction_group_id, Arc::new(config));

            // check if need to update the compaction config for the single table group and guarantee the operation atomicity
            // `partition_vnode_count` only works inside a table, to avoid a lot of slicing sst, we only enable it in groups with high throughput and only one table.
            // The target `table_ids` might be split to an existing group, so we need to try to update its config
            for (cg_id, table_ids) in &result {
                // check the split_tables had been place to the dedicated compaction group
                if let Some(partition_vnode_count) = partition_vnode_count
                    && table_ids.len() == 1
                    && table_ids == split_table_ids
                    && let Err(err) = compaction_groups_txn.update_compaction_config(
                        &[*cg_id],
                        &[MutableConfig::SplitWeightByVnode(partition_vnode_count)],
                    )
                {
                    tracing::error!(target: super::TRACE_TARGET,
                        error = %err.as_report(),
                        "failed to update compaction config for group-{}",
                        cg_id
                    );
                }
            }

            new_version_delta.pre_apply();
            commit_multi_var!(self.meta_store_ref(), version, compaction_groups_txn)?;
        }
        if !self.env.opts.compaction_deterministic_test {
            for (group_id, _) in &result {
                self.try_send_compaction_request(*group_id, TaskType::Dynamic);
            }
        }
        // Instead of handling DeltaType::GroupConstruct for time travel, simply enforce a version snapshot.
        versioning.mark_next_time_travel_version_snapshot();

        // The expired compact tasks will be canceled.
        // Failure of cancel does not cause correctness problems, the report task will have better interception, and the operation here is designed to free up compactor compute resources more quickly.
        let mut canceled_tasks = vec![];
        let compact_task_assignments =
            compaction_guard.get_compact_task_assignments_by_group_id(parent_group_id);
        let levels = versioning
            .current_version
            .get_compaction_group_levels(parent_group_id);
        compact_task_assignments
            .into_iter()
            .for_each(|task_assignment| {
                let task = &task_assignment.compact_task;
                let is_expired = is_compaction_task_expired(
                    task.compaction_group_version_id,
                    levels.compaction_group_version_id,
                );
                if is_expired {
                    canceled_tasks.push(ReportTask {
                        task_id: task.task_id,
                        task_status: TaskStatus::ManualCanceled,
                        table_stats_change: HashMap::default(),
                        sorted_output_ssts: vec![],
                        object_timestamps: HashMap::default(),
                    });
                }
            });

        if !canceled_tasks.is_empty() {
            self.report_compact_tasks_impl(canceled_tasks, compaction_guard, versioning_guard)
                .await?;
        } else {
            drop(versioning_guard);
            drop(compaction_guard);
        }

        let affected_group_ids = result.iter().map(|(cg_id, _)| *cg_id).collect_vec();
        self.try_update_write_limits(&affected_group_ids).await;

        self.metrics
            .split_compaction_group_count
            .with_label_values(&[&parent_group_id.to_string()])
            .inc();

        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Split `table_ids` to a dedicated compaction group.
    /// Returns the compaction group id containing the `table_ids` and the mapping of compaction group id to table ids.
    pub async fn move_state_tables_to_dedicated_compaction_group(
        &self,
        parent_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
        table_ids: &[StateTableId],
        partition_vnode_count: Option<u32>,
    ) -> Result<(
        CompactionGroupId,
        BTreeMap<CompactionGroupId, Vec<StateTableId>>,
    )> {
        self.move_state_tables_to_dedicated_compaction_group_impl(
            parent_group_id,
            table_ids,
            partition_vnode_count,
            false,
        )
        .await
    }

    pub(super) async fn move_state_tables_to_dedicated_compaction_group_impl(
        &self,
        parent_group_id: CompactionGroupId,
        table_ids: &[StateTableId],
        partition_vnode_count: Option<u32>,
        validate_policy: bool,
    ) -> Result<(
        CompactionGroupId,
        BTreeMap<CompactionGroupId, Vec<StateTableId>>,
    )> {
        if table_ids.is_empty() {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(
                "table_ids must not be empty".to_owned(),
            ));
        }

        if !table_ids.is_sorted() {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(
                "table_ids must be sorted".to_owned(),
            ));
        }

        let parent_table_ids = {
            let versioning_guard = self
                .versioning
                .read_with_process_name("move_state_tables_to_dedicated_compaction_group")
                .await;
            versioning_guard
                .current_version
                .state_table_info
                .compaction_group_member_table_ids(parent_group_id)
                .iter()
                .copied()
                .collect_vec()
        };

        if parent_table_ids == table_ids {
            return Err(Error::CompactionGroup(format!(
                "invalid split attempt for group {}: all member tables are moved",
                parent_group_id
            )));
        }

        fn check_table_ids_valid(cg_id_to_table_ids: &BTreeMap<CompactionGroupId, Vec<TableId>>) {
            // 1. table_ids in different cg are sorted.
            {
                cg_id_to_table_ids
                    .iter()
                    .for_each(|(_cg_id, table_ids)| assert!(table_ids.is_sorted()));
            }

            // 2.table_ids in different cg are non-overlapping
            {
                let mut table_table_ids_vec = cg_id_to_table_ids.values().cloned().collect_vec();
                table_table_ids_vec.sort_by(|a, b| a[0].cmp(&b[0]));
                assert!(table_table_ids_vec.concat().is_sorted());
            }

            // 3.table_ids belong to one and only one cg.
            {
                let mut all_table_ids = HashSet::new();
                for table_ids in cg_id_to_table_ids.values() {
                    for table_id in table_ids {
                        assert!(all_table_ids.insert(*table_id));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // move [3,4,5,6]
        // [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] -> [1,2] [3,4,5,6] [7,8,9,10]
        // split key
        // 1. table_id = 3, vnode = 0, epoch = MAX
        // 2. table_id = 7, vnode = 0, epoch = MAX

        // The new compaction group id is always generate on the right side
        // Hence, we return the first compaction group id as the result
        // split 1
        let mut cg_id_to_table_ids: BTreeMap<CompactionGroupId, Vec<TableId>> = BTreeMap::new();
        let table_id_to_split = *table_ids.first().unwrap();
        let mut target_compaction_group_id: CompactionGroupId = 0.into();
        let result_vec = self
            .split_compaction_group_impl(
                parent_group_id,
                table_ids,
                table_id_to_split,
                VirtualNode::ZERO,
                partition_vnode_count,
                validate_policy,
            )
            .await?;
        assert!(result_vec.len() <= 2);

        let mut finish_move = false;
        for (cg_id, table_ids_after_split) in result_vec {
            if table_ids_after_split.contains(&table_id_to_split) {
                target_compaction_group_id = cg_id;
            }

            if table_ids_after_split == table_ids {
                finish_move = true;
            }

            cg_id_to_table_ids.insert(cg_id, table_ids_after_split);
        }
        check_table_ids_valid(&cg_id_to_table_ids);

        if finish_move {
            return Ok((target_compaction_group_id, cg_id_to_table_ids));
        }

        // split 2
        // See the example above and the split rule in `split_compaction_group_impl`.
        let table_id_to_split = *table_ids.last().unwrap();
        let result_vec = self
            .split_compaction_group_impl(
                target_compaction_group_id,
                table_ids,
                table_id_to_split,
                VirtualNode::MAX_REPRESENTABLE,
                partition_vnode_count,
                validate_policy,
            )
            .await?;
        assert!(result_vec.len() <= 2);
        for (cg_id, table_ids_after_split) in result_vec {
            if table_ids_after_split.contains(&table_id_to_split) {
                target_compaction_group_id = cg_id;
            }
            cg_id_to_table_ids.insert(cg_id, table_ids_after_split);
        }
        check_table_ids_valid(&cg_id_to_table_ids);

        Ok((target_compaction_group_id, cg_id_to_table_ids))
    }
}